1. Seed issue
Many people do not have the seeds to recoup their investment, or even the weight of their seeds.
2. Lack of natural environment
Some areas have uneven terrain, sandy soil, water leakage, and insufficient water sources, which can affect the effectiveness of aquaculture. If human intervention is not sufficient in the later stage, relying on humans to release water for aquaculture will result in even worse aquaculture results.
3. Poor pond structure and shallow water level
Most farmers adopt a rice shrimp structure, with a basic width of 3-4 meters for the ring ditch. The ring ditch of small rice fields is dug relatively narrow, so the height of the field ridge is limited. However, this year, most farmers have converted their rice shrimp fields into precision farming fields, which cannot raise the water level. It is difficult to raise and fish during high temperature periods, and the yield cannot be achieved.
4. Poor performance in clearing and removing miscellaneous items
There are wild miscellaneous fish in various places surveyed, among which black fish, eels, crucian carp are the most common, and turtles and turtles also appear; Some water inlets are only treated with ordinary mesh filtration. There is a significant low yield of wild fish ponds.
5. Excessive planting density of aquatic plants
Many farmers have a high planting density of aquatic plants and have to cut a large amount of grass during the peak growth period. High density aquatic plants seriously affect fishing; Similarly, ponds overgrown with weeds also face density control issues.
6. Daily management of aquatic plants is lax
Elodea grows better at low temperatures, with beautiful aquatic plants and good water color. However, during high temperatures, especially in shallow ponds, the grass heads are prone to wilting, floating roots, death, and decay, resulting in loss of aquatic plants and deterioration of water quality. After the lack of aquatic plants and deterioration of water quality, crayfish farming is facing serious adverse environmental conditions.
7. Negligence in water quality management work
Crayfish are benthic reptiles, and regular bottom and water quality improvement is necessary during high-density aquaculture. This work should be routine, otherwise once the water quality deteriorates, the cost of remediation will significantly increase and the effect will not be very good.
8. The quantity and method of seed placement are not scientific
Many pond seedlings are released in large quantities, and under poor breeding conditions and insufficient feeding, density stress can lead to self harm and small specifications of crayfish, ultimately resulting in the inability to form marketable specifications and production delays.
9. Unreasonable feeding of feed
If the growth of aquatic animals relies solely on the nutrient supply in the water, it cannot guarantee good individual growth and total yield. The "human release and sky cultivation" technique for seedling breeding in rice and shrimp farming cannot be blindly applied to adult shrimp farming.
10. Poor fishing work
The success of crayfish farming lies in continuous fishing, but there is insufficient research on the selection of cages, fishing time, and fishing location, and there is a phenomenon of reluctance to sell.
Suggestions for crayfish farming:
In summary, it has been found that there are many problems among farmers, such as cognitive biases, technical deficiencies, and unsystematic engineering construction. The following suggestions are provided for reference.
Cognitive issues
For successful individuals, crayfish farming is a "low input, high output" industry that is highly tempting. Other entrants should have a correct understanding and comprehension, and not blindly follow the trend with only a superficial knowledge.
Understanding of yield: There is a huge gap in the yield of crayfish farming. The high-yield mode must have good natural conditions, advanced technical solutions, sufficient product application investment, and well implemented management details. When the conditions cannot be met, each item is a deduction item. Therefore, it is necessary to objectively understand one's own conditions and plan according to local conditions.
Understanding of the product: Many farmers see crayfish farming as simple because they have heard many people say that wild crayfish are particularly good when they are "raised". Therefore, they understand that crayfish can be grown using natural conditions with minimal human input, which is actually a misconception. Wild crayfish must also survive in waters with abundant vegetation, richness, and balanced ecological structure, and cannot grow in clear water. Artificial breeding relies on the application of various products such as fertilizers, feed, and water environment treatment products. The "no input high-yield" model in aquaculture is unheard of and lacks scientific basis. It should be recognized that product investment has a significant impact on improving the yield and quality of crayfish.
External basic conditions
Soil and water sources are the most basic conditions that need to be thoroughly understood before breeding crayfish. If the conditions are not complete and the natural conditions are poor, the breeding efficiency will decrease. There must be a technical improvement plan that meets its growth characteristics, which should be participated in by specialized personnel. Heaven doesn't help, people help. It's luck that relies on heaven, and technology that relies on people.
Do not deify technology
Some people always pursue high-value technologies, but overlook the most basic farming techniques. The route for improving crayfish farming technology should start with low-density farming and gradually improve. The ability to improve this is definitely within the control of the farmers themselves, and this technology requires guidance from professional personnel.
The failure of aquaculture cannot be attributed solely to the lack of technology. There are also a series of issues that can affect the success of aquaculture, including basic conditions, daily management, personnel allocation, funding, equipment support, and completion rate of measures.
The improvement of professional technical knowledge among farmers is more meaningful than relying solely on the services of professional technicians. Technology is not a taxi, but a guiding light at night. It can lead you to the finish line, but it cannot take you to the finish line. You have to walk the road yourself.
The role of technical solutions: Technical solutions are not decisive. To have correct theoretical guidance and design according to local conditions, it is necessary to have both scientific and practical aspects.
Regarding management issues
Agricultural enterprises also need the concept of enterprise management, especially in large-scale breeding and high investment models, and cannot rely on 200 acres of management for a scale of 1000 acres. Moreover, the investment structure should be reasonable. Projects such as seed placement, feed feeding, drug use, and manual configuration should all be in proportion, and the relationship between them should not be imbalanced. However, in practical operation, many farmers are willing to invest in seed placement, but reluctant to do anything else, resulting in nothing. The total investment should be based on one's ability.
Crayfish farming is systematic and interconnected. The technology of crayfish farming is only mastered by a very small number of people and is constantly being revised and improved. Technical guidance does not mean that technology can be implemented. The implementation of technology requires high cooperation from farmers, and if the operation does not achieve the desired output, it cannot be increased. Adding bonus points to the loop, but deducting points for not doing a good job in the loop.
The issue of execution capability
The deviation between wishes and actual execution. The importance of field engineering renovation, which has been repeatedly emphasized to farmers, has not been given enough attention (as is a common problem in other regions). However, field engineering as the foundation has not been implemented, and many technologies cannot be carried out.
Regarding the issue of technical guidance
The cultivation of crayfish is quite unique and requires guidance from technical personnel. Currently, the technical support largely relies on training and reference materials for new professional farmer cultivation projects, experienced aquaculture peers, technical personnel from aquaculture promotion systems, communication between various online aquaculture groups, and promotion by technical personnel from shrimp manufacturers who are closest to the grassroots level.